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Evidence-based practice is the process by which healthcare providers incorporate the best research or evidence into clinical practice in combination with clinical expertise and within the context of patient values.
Evidence-based practice evolved out of an explosion of scientific literature and new techniques, medications, and technologies. Medical facilities were faced with rising medical costs and increased litigation, and consumers were calling for accountability in medicine. The medical profession began to seek new ways to insure quality control of medical care. Basing medical procedures and practices on sound research became the means to find the best philosophical, legal, and practical fit for medical institutions and individual patients. Read more in The Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing This link opens in a new window
Franz, J. F., & Cataldo, L. J., RN, EdD. (2018). Evidence-Based Practice. In J. L. Longe (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health (4th ed., Vol. 3, pp. 1380-1384). Gale.
The seven steps are outlined in Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Healthcare by Melnyk and OverHolt
There are differing definitions of what a model is and can simply be stated that it is a representation of reality or even an easy way of organizing difficult and involved ideas. Models should be viewed as "conceptual tools or devices that can be used by an individual to understand and place complex phenomena into perspective" (McKenna & Slevin, 2011, p. 108). The following is a list of possible models that address implementing evidence-based nursing or evidence-based practice:
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Models for Implementation The following is a list of some of the EBP models that address implementing evidence-based practice plan |
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Year |
Full APA Citation |
Name of Model |
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1976, 1994, 2001 |
Stetler Model of Evidence Based Practice (also previously known as: Stetler/Marram Model of Research Utilization, Stetler Model of Research Utilization) |
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2004 |
ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation |
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1998, 2004 |
Ottawa Model of Research Use (OMRU) |
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2002, 2004 |
Advancing Research and Clinical practice through close Collaboration (ARCC) model |
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2014 |
Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care |
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2016 |
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Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services Framework (PARIHIS) Revisited |
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2018 |
The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model |
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(DeNisco, 2021; Melinyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2019; Polit & Beck, 2019)
This video from SAGE provides an overview of Evidence-Based Nursing This link opens in a new window.
Built in conjunction
Part 1 of 7 modules available. Access the rest of the modules through the Duke University website This link opens in a new window.
Evidence-Based Public Health Practice by
This practical book shows how to do evidence-based research in public health. As a great deal of evidence-based practice occurs online, it focuses on how to find, use and interpret online sources of public health information. It also includes examples of community-based participatory research and shows how to link data with community preferences and needs. Each chapter begins with specific learning objectives and concludes with practice exercises geared to the objectives. Each chapter also contains a list of key terms that are an essential part of an evidence-based public health practitioner′s vocabulary. The book includes a comprehensive glossary, and hundreds of online and print references, examples, and charts.
Evidence Based Nursing: clarifying the concepts for nurses in practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(8): 1085-95. by 
Empirical Nursing by
This book seeks to provide students and practicing nurses with the tools to better understand and engage in scientific arguments to support quality nursing and evidence-based practice. The nature of nursing and its relationship with science remains an area of ongoing debate, controversy and considerable confusion to both students and practitioners. For a science-based health discipline, it is something of a paradox that most nursing students have limited exposure to scientific philosophy education, which is not covered in depth in many modern university nursing programmes. This work seeks to remedy this: in providing material on modern scientific research methods, with particular emphasis on the context of practice, it presents an alternative theoretical iteration of holistic nursing as scientific inquiry. The author is a passionate advocate for empirical and pragmatic approaches to nursing, and the book provides challenging ideas to support a new wave of critical-thinking in contemporary nursing, confronting postmodern dogma with contemporary scientific critique. In doing so, this text engages readers with the art of progressive empirical client-centred care, appropriate for the development of 21st century holistic nursing practice.
Implementing the Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Competencies in Healthcare by
Hospitals and healthcare systems around the world have attempted to build and sustain evidence-based practice (EBP) cultures and environments, yet they have struggled to clearly understand what EBP competency means. Implementing the Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Competencies in Healthcare clears up that confusion and serves as a guide for clinicians, leaders, faculty, EBP mentors, and students in achieving EBP competency, facilitating evidence-based decision making in daily practice, and accelerating the speed at which research knowledge is translated into real-world settings to improve health outcomes and decrease healthcare costs. Authors Bernadette Mazurek Melnyk, Lynn Gallagher-Ford, and Ellen Fineout-Overholt provide step-by-step explanations and case scenarios that illustrate realistic advice and ready-to-use resources to help organizations integrate EBP broadly and deeply across their infrastructure to improve patient care quality and safety. Doody 5 Star Review "This exemplary work divides EBP into small, palatable components that highlight its indispensability in nursing practice. To my knowledge, there is no other reference that identifies EBP competencies better -- if at all." -Jill P. Massengale, BSN, MS, DNP(James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital) (c)Doody's Review Service(TM)